Jean Leon Gerome ⁽¹⁾

Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824–1904) was a French academic painter and sculptor, one of the leading figures of the Academic art tradition in the 19th century. Known for his precise, highly detailed works, Gérôme excelled in both historical and Orientalist subjects, capturing scenes from ancient history, mythology, and the Middle East. He was a master of the academic style, adhering to classical techniques and emphasizing careful draftsmanship, perspective, and realism. His work often portrayed dramatic moments, whether historical, mythological, or exotic, with a vivid sense of realism and emotional intensity, combining meticulous attention to detail with a focus on atmosphere and light.

Gérôme was also a prominent Orientalist, frequently depicting scenes from North Africa, Turkey, and the Middle East, inspired by his travels to these regions. His Orientalist paintings, such as The Snake Charmer (1879) and The Slave Market (1866), are famous for their sensual, exotic depictions of the East, often idealizing the landscapes and people through a Western lens. These works played a significant role in shaping the Western perception of the Orient during the 19th century. Gérôme's mastery of light and texture, particularly in his portrayals of intricate fabrics and architectural details, made him a prominent figure in the Salon exhibitions and established his reputation as one of the foremost academic painters of his era.